Platinum complexes and devices

ABSTRACT

Platinum compounds of Formulas I and II useful in a variety of devices, such as, for example organic-light emitting diodes (OLEDs).

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Ser. No. 61/890,545 entitled“PLATINUM COMPLEXES, DEVICES, AND USES THEREOF” and U.S. Ser. No.61/890,580 entitled “PLATINUM COMPLEXES, DEVICES, AND USES THEREOF”,both filed on Oct. 14, 2013, and both of which are incorporated byreference herein in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention is related to platinum complexes and devices includingthe platinum complexes.

BACKGROUND

Compounds capable of absorbing and/or emitting light can be ideallysuited for use in a wide variety of optical and electroluminescentdevices, including, for example, photo-absorbing devices such as solar-and photo-sensitive devices, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs),photo-emitting devices, or devices capable of both photo-absorption andemission and as markers for bio-applications. Much research has beendevoted to the discovery and optimization of organic and organometallicmaterials for using in optical and electroluminescent devices.Generally, research in this area aims to accomplish a number of goals,including improvements in absorption and emission efficiency, as well asimprovements in processing ability.

Despite significant advances in research devoted to optical andelectro-optical materials, many currently available materials exhibit anumber of disadvantages, including poor processing ability, inefficientemission or absorption, and less than ideal stability, among others.

Thus, a need exists for new materials which exhibit improved performancein optical emitting and absorbing applications. Accordingly, suchcompounds, compositions, and devices comprising the same are disclosedherein

SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates to platinum compounds that can be usefulas emitters in display and lighting applications.

Disclosed herein are compounds of Formulas I and II:

wherein L¹ is a five-membered heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, carbene, orN-heterocyclic carbene,

wherein each of L², L³, and L⁴ is independently a substituted or anunsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl,carbene, or N-heterocyclic carbene,

wherein L⁵ is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl cycloalkyl,cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl,

wherein each of A¹ and A² is independently present or absent and ifpresent is each independently O, S, S═O, SO₂, Se, NR³, PR³, RP═O, CR¹R²,C═O, SiR¹R², GeR¹R², or BR³,

wherein each of V¹, V², V³, and V⁴ is coordinated with the Pt and isindependently N, C, P, B, or Si,

wherein each of Y¹, Y², Y³, and Y⁴ is independently C, N, O, or S,

wherein R^(a) is present or absent and if present represents mono-, di-,or tri-substitutions, wherein each R^(a) is independently a substitutedor unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl,heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl,thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diarylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof whereintwo or more of R^(a) are optionally linked together,

wherein R^(b) is present or absent and if present represents mono-, di-,or tri-substitutions, wherein each R^(b) is independently a substitutedor unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl,heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl,thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diarylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R^(b) are optionally linked together,

wherein R^(c) is present or absent and if present represents mono-, di-,or tri-substitutions, wherein each R^(c) is independently substituted orunsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl,alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy,aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, alkoxycarbonyl,acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino,sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido, phosphoramide,amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl, orpolymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R^(c) are optionally linked together,

wherein R^(d) is present or absent and if present represents mono-, di-,or tri-substitutions, wherein each R^(d) is independently substituted orunsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl,alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy,aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, alkoxycarbonyl,acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino,sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido, phosphoramide,amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl, orpolymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R^(d) are optionally linked together, and

wherein each of R¹, R², and R³ is independently hydrogen, aryl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, amono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy,haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof

In one aspect, Formula I includes Formula IA:

wherein A is A¹ in Formula I.

In other aspects, Formula II includes Formula IIA and Formula IIB:

wherein A is A¹ in Formula II,

wherein each of

is independently:

wherein

is

wherein each of R, R¹, R², and R³ is independently hydrogen, aryl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, amono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy,haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R, R¹, R², and R³ are optionally linked together.

Also disclosed herein are compositions including one or more compoundsdisclosed herein.

Also disclosed herein are devices, such as OLEDs, including one or morecompounds or compositions disclosed herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The accompanying figures, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate several non-limiting aspects andtogether with the description serve to explain the principles of theinvention.

FIG. 1 depicts a device including a platinum complex.

FIG. 2 illustrates emission spectra of PtON12 in CH₂Cl₂ at roomtemperature and in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 77K.

FIG. 3 illustrates emission spectra of PtON12-tBu in CH₂Cl₂ at roomtemperature and in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 77K.

FIG. 4 illustrates emission spectra of PtON13 at room temperature inCH₂Cl₂ and at 77K in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description whichfollows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or can belearned by practice of the disclosure. Advantages will be realized andattained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointedout in the appended claims. It is to be understood that both theforegoing general description and the following detailed description areexemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure can be understood more readily by reference tothe following detailed description of the invention and the Examplesincluded therein.

Before the present compounds, devices, and/or methods are disclosed anddescribed, it is to be understood that they are not limited to specificsynthetic methods unless otherwise specified, or to particular reagentsunless otherwise specified, as such can, of course, vary. It is also tobe understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose ofdescribing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting.Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to thosedescribed herein can be used in the practice or testing of the presentdisclosure, example methods and materials are now described.

As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms“a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearlydictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a component”includes mixtures of two or more components.

As used herein, the terms “optional” or “optionally” means that thesubsequently described event or circumstance can or cannot occur, andthat the description includes instances where said event or circumstanceoccurs and instances where it does not.

Disclosed are the components to be used to prepare the compositions ofthe disclosure as well as the compositions themselves to be used withinthe methods disclosed herein. These and other materials are disclosedherein, and it is understood that when combinations, subsets,interactions, groups, etc. of these materials are disclosed that whilespecific reference of each various individual and collectivecombinations and permutation of these compounds cannot be explicitlydisclosed, each is specifically contemplated and described herein. Forexample, if a particular compound is disclosed and discussed and anumber of modifications that can be made to a number of moleculesincluding the compounds are discussed, specifically contemplated is eachand every combination and permutation of the compound and themodifications that are possible unless specifically indicated to thecontrary. Thus, if a class of molecules A, B, and C are disclosed aswell as a class of molecules D, E, and F and an example of a combinationmolecule, A-D is disclosed, then even if each is not individuallyrecited each is individually and collectively contemplated meaningcombinations, A-E, A-F, B-D, B-E, B-F, C-D, C-E, and C-F are considereddisclosed. Likewise, any subset or combination of these is alsodisclosed. Thus, for example, the sub-group of A-E, B-F, and C-E wouldbe considered disclosed. This concept applies to all aspects of thisapplication including, but not limited to, steps in methods of makingand using the compositions of the invention. Thus, if there are avariety of additional steps that can be performed it is understood thateach of these additional steps can be performed with any specificembodiment or combination of embodiments of the methods of theinvention.

As referred to herein, a linking atom can connect two groups such as,for example, an N and C group. A linking group is in one aspectdisclosed as A, A¹, and/or A³ herein. The linking atom can optionally,if valency permits, have other chemical moieties attached. For example,in one aspect, an oxygen would not have any other chemical groupsattached as the valency is satisfied once it is bonded to two groups(e.g., N and/or C groups). In another aspect, when carbon is the linkingatom, two additional chemical moieties can be attached to the carbon.Suitable chemical moieties includes, but are not limited to, hydrogen,hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, ═O, halogen, nitro, amine, amide, thiol, aryl,heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl.

The term “cyclic structure” or the like terms used herein refer to anycyclic chemical structure which includes, but is not limited to, aryl,heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and heterocyclyl.

As used herein, the term “substituted” is contemplated to include allpermissible substituents of organic compounds. In a broad aspect, thepermissible substituents include acyclic and cyclic, branched andunbranched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, and aromatic and nonaromaticsubstituents of organic compounds. Illustrative substituents include,for example, those described below. The permissible substituents can beone or more and the same or different for appropriate organic compounds.For purposes of this disclosure, the heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, canhave hydrogen substituents and/or any permissible substituents oforganic compounds described herein which satisfy the valences of theheteroatoms. This disclosure is not intended to be limited in any mannerby the permissible substituents of organic compounds. Also, the terms“substitution” or “substituted with” include the implicit proviso thatsuch substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of thesubstituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution resultsin a stable compound, e.g., a compound that does not spontaneouslyundergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization,elimination, etc. It is also contemplated that, in certain aspects,unless expressly indicated to the contrary, individual substituents canbe further optionally substituted (i.e., further substituted orunsubstituted).

In defining various terms, “A¹,” “A²,” “A³,” and “A⁴” are used herein asgeneric symbols to represent various specific substituents. Thesesymbols can be any substituent, not limited to those disclosed herein,and when they are defined to be certain substituents in one instance,they can, in another instance, be defined as some other substituents.

The term “alkyl” as used herein is a branched or unbranched saturatedhydrocarbon group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl,n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl,isopentyl, s-pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl,dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, eicosyl, tetracosyl, and the like. Thealkyl group can be cyclic or acyclic. The alkyl group can be branched orunbranched. The alkyl group can also be substituted or unsubstituted.For example, the alkyl group can be substituted with one or more groupsincluding, but not limited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, amino, ether,halide, hydroxy, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol, as described herein.A “lower alkyl” group is an alkyl group containing from one to six(e.g., from one to four) carbon atoms.

Throughout the specification “alkyl” is generally used to refer to bothunsubstituted alkyl groups and substituted alkyl groups; however,substituted alkyl groups are also specifically referred to herein byidentifying the specific substituent(s) on the alkyl group. For example,the term “halogenated alkyl” or “haloalkyl” specifically refers to analkyl group that is substituted with one or more halide, e.g., fluorine,chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The term “alkoxyalkyl” specifically refersto an alkyl group that is substituted with one or more alkoxy groups, asdescribed below. The term “alkylamino” specifically refers to an alkylgroup that is substituted with one or more amino groups, as describedbelow, and the like. When “alkyl” is used in one instance and a specificterm such as “alkylalcohol” is used in another, it is not meant to implythat the term “alkyl” does not also refer to specific terms such as“alkylalcohol” and the like.

This practice is also used for other groups described herein. That is,while a term such as “cycloalkyl” refers to both unsubstituted andsubstituted cycloalkyl moieties, the substituted moieties can, inaddition, be specifically identified herein; for example, a particularsubstituted cycloalkyl can be referred to as, e.g., an“alkylcycloalkyl.” Similarly, a substituted alkoxy can be specificallyreferred to as, e.g., a “halogenated alkoxy,” a particular substitutedalkenyl can be, e.g., an “alkenylalcohol,” and the like. Again, thepractice of using a general term, such as “cycloalkyl,” and a specificterm, such as “alkylcycloalkyl,” is not meant to imply that the generalterm does not also include the specific term.

The term “cycloalkyl” as used herein is a non-aromatic carbon-based ringcomposed of at least three carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groupsinclude, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,cyclohexyl, norbornyl, and the like. The term “heterocycloalkyl” is atype of cycloalkyl group as defined above, and is included within themeaning of the term “cycloalkyl,” where at least one of the carbon atomsof the ring is replaced with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to,nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus. The cycloalkyl group andheterocycloalkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. Thecycloalkyl group and heterocycloalkyl group can be substituted with oneor more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy,amino, ether, halide, hydroxy, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol asdescribed herein.

The term “polyalkylene group” as used herein is a group having two ormore CH₂ groups linked to one another. The polyalkylene group can berepresented by the formula —(CH₂)_(a)—, where “a” is an integer of from2 to 500.

The terms “alkoxy” and “alkoxyl” as used herein to refer to an alkyl orcycloalkyl group bonded through an ether linkage; that is, an “alkoxy”group can be defined as —OA¹ where A¹ is alkyl or cycloalkyl as definedabove. “Alkoxy” also includes polymers of alkoxy groups as justdescribed; that is, an alkoxy can be a polyether such as —OA¹-OA² or—OA¹-(OA²)_(a)-OA³, where “a” is an integer of from 1 to 200 and A¹, A²,and A³ are alkyl and/or cycloalkyl groups.

The term “alkenyl” as used herein is a hydrocarbon group of from 2 to 24carbon atoms with a structural formula containing at least onecarbon-carbon double bond. Asymmetric structures such as (A¹A²)C═C(A³A⁴)are intended to include both the E and Z isomers. This can be presumedin structural formulae herein wherein an asymmetric alkene is present,or it can be explicitly indicated by the bond symbol C═C. The alkenylgroup can be substituted with one or more groups including, but notlimited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl,cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester,ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, orthiol, as described herein.

The term “cycloalkenyl” as used herein is a non-aromatic carbon-basedring composed of at least three carbon atoms and containing at least onecarbon-carbon double bond, i.e., C═C. Examples of cycloalkenyl groupsinclude, but are not limited to, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl,cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl,norbornenyl, and the like. The term “heterocycloalkenyl” is a type ofcycloalkenyl group as defined above, and is included within the meaningof the term “cycloalkenyl,” where at least one of the carbon atoms ofthe ring is replaced with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to,nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus. The cycloalkenyl group andheterocycloalkenyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. Thecycloalkenyl group and heterocycloalkenyl group can be substituted withone or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl,alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl,aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone,azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol as described herein.

The term “alkynyl” as used herein is a hydrocarbon group of 2 to 24carbon atoms with a structural formula containing at least onecarbon-carbon triple bond. The alkynyl group can be unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to,alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl,aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether,halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol, asdescribed herein.

The term “cycloalkynyl” as used herein is a non-aromatic carbon-basedring composed of at least seven carbon atoms and containing at least onecarbon-carbon triple bound. Examples of cycloalkynyl groups include, butare not limited to, cycloheptynyl, cyclooctynyl, cyclononynyl, and thelike. The term “heterocycloalkynyl” is a type of cycloalkenyl group asdefined above, and is included within the meaning of the term“cycloalkynyl,” where at least one of the carbon atoms of the ring isreplaced with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, nitrogen,oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus. The cycloalkynyl group andheterocycloalkynyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. Thecycloalkynyl group and heterocycloalkynyl group can be substituted withone or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl,alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl,aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone,azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol as described herein.

The term “aryl” as used herein is a group that contains any carbon-basedaromatic group including, but not limited to, benzene, naphthalene,phenyl, biphenyl, phenoxybenzene, and the like. The term “aryl” alsoincludes “heteroaryl,” which is defined as a group that contains anaromatic group that has at least one heteroatom incorporated within thering of the aromatic group. Examples of heteroatoms include, but are notlimited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus. Likewise, the term“non-heteroaryl,” which is also included in the term “aryl,” defines agroup that contains an aromatic group that does not contain aheteroatom. The aryl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. The arylgroup can be substituted with one or more groups including, but notlimited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl,cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester,ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiolas described herein. The term “biaryl” is a specific type of aryl groupand is included in the definition of “aryl.” Biaryl refers to two arylgroups that are bound together via a fused ring structure, as innaphthalene, or are attached via one or more carbon-carbon bonds, as inbiphenyl.

The term “aldehyde” as used herein is represented by the formula —C(O)H.Throughout this specification “C(O)” is a short hand notation for acarbonyl group, i.e., C═O.

The terms “amine” or “amino” as used herein are represented by theformula —NA¹A², where A¹ and A² can be, independently, hydrogen oralkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl,or heteroaryl group as described herein.

The term “alkylamino” as used herein is represented by the formula—NH(-alkyl) where alkyl is a described herein. Representative examplesinclude, but are not limited to, methylamino group, ethylamino group,propylamino group, isopropylamino group, butylamino group, isobutylaminogroup, (sec-butyl)amino group, (tert-butyl)amino group, pentylaminogroup, isopentylamino group, (tert-pentyl)amino group, hexylamino group,and the like.

The term “dialkylamino” as used herein is represented by the formula—N(-alkyl)₂ where alkyl is a described herein. Representative examplesinclude, but are not limited to, dimethylamino group, diethylaminogroup, dipropylamino group, diisopropylamino group, dibutylamino group,diisobutylamino group, di(sec-butyl)amino group, di(tert-butyl)aminogroup, dipentylamino group, diisopentylamino group, di(tert-pentyl)aminogroup, dihexylamino group, N-ethyl-N-methylamino group,N-methyl-N-propylamino group, N-ethyl-N-propylamino group and the like.

The term “carboxylic acid” as used herein is represented by the formula—C(O)OH.

The term “ester” as used herein is represented by the formula —OC(O)A¹or —C(O)OA¹, where A¹ can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl,alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group as described herein.The term “polyester” as used herein is represented by the formula-(A¹O(O)C-A²-C(O)O)_(a)— or -(A¹O(O)C-A²-OC(O))_(a)—, where A¹ and A²can be, independently, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl,alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group described herein and“a” is an integer from 1 to 500. “Polyester” is as the term used todescribe a group that is produced by the reaction between a compoundhaving at least two carboxylic acid groups with a compound having atleast two hydroxyl groups.

The term “ether” as used herein is represented by the formula A¹OA²,where A¹ and A² can be, independently, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl,cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group describedherein. The term “polyether” as used herein is represented by theformula -(A¹O-A²O)_(a)—, where A¹ and A² can be, independently, analkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl,or heteroaryl group described herein and “a” is an integer of from 1 to500. Examples of polyether groups include polyethylene oxide,polypropylene oxide, and polybutylene oxide.

The term “halide” as used herein refers to the halogens fluorine,chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

The term “heterocyclyl,” as used herein refers to single andmulti-cyclic non-aromatic ring systems and “heteroaryl as used hereinrefers to single and multi-cyclic aromatic ring systems: in which atleast one of the ring members is other than carbon. The term“heterocyclyl” includes azetidine, dioxane, furan, imidazole,isothiazole, isoxazole, morpholine, oxazole, oxazole, including,1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole, piperazine,piperidine, pyrazine, pyrazole, pyridazine, pyridine, pyrimidine,pyrrole, pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, tetrazine,including 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, tetrazole, including 1,2,3,4-tetrazole and1,2,4,5-tetrazole, thiadiazole, including, 1,2,3-thiadiazole,1,2,5-thiadiazole, and 1,3,4-thiadiazole, thiazole, thiophene, triazine,including 1,3,5-triazine and 1,2,4-triazine, triazole, including,1,2,3-triazole, 1,3,4-triazole, and the like.

The term “hydroxyl” as used herein is represented by the formula —OH.

The term “ketone” as used herein is represented by the formula A¹C(O)A²,where A¹ and A² can be, independently, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl,cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group asdescribed herein.

The term “azide” as used herein is represented by the formula —N₃.

The term “nitro” as used herein is represented by the formula —NO₂.

The term “nitrile” as used herein is represented by the formula —CN.

The term “silyl” as used herein is represented by the formula —SiA¹A²A³,where A¹, A², and A³ can be, independently, hydrogen or an alkyl,cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl,or heteroaryl group as described herein.

The term “sulfo-oxo” as used herein is represented by the formulas—S(O)A¹, —S(O)₂A¹, —OS(O)₂A¹, or —OS(O)₂OA¹, where A¹ is hydrogen or analkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl,or heteroaryl group as described herein. Throughout this specification“S(O)” is a short hand notation for S═O. The term “sulfonyl” is usedherein to refer to the sulfo-oxo group represented by the formula—S(O)₂A¹, where A¹ is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl,cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group asdescribed herein. The term “sulfone” as used herein is represented bythe formula A¹S(O)₂A², where A¹ and A² can be, independently, an alkyl,cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, orheteroaryl group as described herein. The term “sulfoxide” as usedherein is represented by the formula A¹S(O)A², where A¹ and A² can be,independently, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl,cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group as described herein.

The term “thiol” as used herein is represented by the formula —SH.

“R,” “R¹,” “R²,” “R³,” “R^(n),” where n is an integer, as used hereincan, independently, include hydrogen or one or more of the groups listedabove. For example, if R¹ is a straight chain alkyl group, one of thehydrogen atoms of the alkyl group can optionally be substituted with ahydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, a halide, and the like.Depending upon the groups that are selected, a first group can beincorporated within a second group or, alternatively, the first groupcan be pendant (i.e., attached) to the second group. For example, withthe phrase “an alkyl group comprising an amino group,” the amino groupcan be incorporated within the backbone of the alkyl group.Alternatively, the amino group can be attached to the backbone of thealkyl group. The nature of the group(s) that is (are) selected willdetermine if the first group is embedded or attached to the secondgroup.

As described herein, compounds of the disclosure may contain “optionallysubstituted” moieties. In general, the term “substituted,” whetherpreceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that one or morehydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitablesubstituent. Unless otherwise indicated, an “optionally substituted”group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position ofthe group, and when more than one position in any given structure may besubstituted with more than one substituent selected from a specifiedgroup, the substituent may be either the same or different at everyposition. Combinations of substituents envisioned by this disclosure arepreferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemicallyfeasible compounds. It is also contemplated that, in certain aspects,unless expressly indicated to the contrary, individual substituents canbe further optionally substituted (i.e., further substituted orunsubstituted).

In some aspects, a structure of a compound can be represented by aformula:

which is understood to be equivalent to a formula:

wherein n is typically an integer. That is, R^(n) is understood torepresent five independent substituents, R^(n(a)), R^(n(b)), R^(n(c)),R^(n(d)), R^(n(e)). By “independent substituents,” it is meant that eachR substituent can be independently defined. For example, if in oneinstance R^(n(a)) is halogen, then R^(n(b)) is not necessarily halogenin that instance.

Several references to R, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, etc. are made inchemical structures and moieties disclosed and described herein. Anydescription of R, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, etc. in the specification isapplicable to any structure or moiety reciting R, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵,R⁶, etc. respectively.

1. Compounds

Opto-electronic devices that make use of organic materials are becomingincreasingly desirable for a number of reasons. Many of the materialsused to make such devices are relatively inexpensive, so organicopto-electronic devices have the potential for cost advantages overinorganic devices. In addition, the inherent properties of organicmaterials, such as their flexibility, may make them well suited forparticular applications such as fabrication on a flexible substrate.Examples of organic opto-electronic devices include organic lightemitting devices (OLEDs), organic phototransistors, organic photovoltaiccells, and organic photodetectors. For OLEDs, the organic materials mayhave performance advantages over conventional materials. For example,the wavelength at which an organic emissive layer emits light maygenerally be readily tuned with appropriate dopants.

Generally, a chemical structural change will affect the electronicstructure of the compounds, which thereby affects the optical propertiesof the compounds, for example, emission and absorption spectra. Thus,the compounds of this disclosure can be tailored or tuned to a specificapplication that desires a particular emission or absorptioncharacteristic. The optical properties of the metal compounds in thisdisclosure can be tuned by varying the structure of the ligandsurrounding the metal center. For example, the metal compounds having aligand with electron donating substituents or electron withdrawingsubstituents can be generally exhibit different optical properties,including emission and absorption spectra.

Owing to the potential of phosphorescent tetradentate platinum complexesfor harvesting both electro-generated singlet and triplet excitions toachieve 100% internal quantum efficiency, these complexes are goodcandidate for the emitting materials of OLEDs. In some cases, there isan “emitting portion” and an “ancillary portion” in a ligand of platinumcomplex (e.g., a tetradentate platinum complex). If stabilizingsubstitution(s), such as conjugated group(s), aryl or heteroaromaticsubstitution(s) and so on, were introduced into the emitting portion,the “Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital” (HOMO) energy level, the“Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital” (LUMO) energy level, or both maybe changed. So the energy gap between the HOMO and LUMO can be tuned.Thus, the emission spectra of phosphorescent tetradentate platinumcomplexes can be modified to lesser or greater extents, such that theemission spectra can become narrower or broader, such that the emissionspectra can exhibit a blue shift or a red shift, or a combinationthereof

The emission of such disclosed complexes can be tuned, for example, fromthe ultraviolet to near-infrared, by, for example, modifying the ligandstructure. In another aspect, the disclosed complexes can provideemission over a majority of the visible spectrum. In a specific example,the disclosed complexes can emit light over a range of from about 400 nmto about 700 nm. In another aspect, the disclosed complexes haveimproved stability and efficiency over traditional emission complexes.In yet another aspect, the disclosed complexes can be useful asluminescent labels in, for example, bio-applications, anti-canceragents, emitters in organic light emitting diodes (OLED), or acombination thereof. In another aspect, the disclosed complexes can beuseful in light emitting devices, such as, for example, compactfluorescent lamps (CFL), light emitting diodes (LED), incandescentlamps, and combinations thereof

The compounds can also have other known emission mechanisms which areuseful in devices.

Disclosed herein are compounds or compound complexes comprisingplatinum. The terms compound or compound complex are usedinterchangeably herein. In one aspect, the compounds disclosed hereinhave a neutral charge.

The compounds disclosed herein can exhibit desirable properties and haveemission spectra, absorption spectra, or both that can be tuned via theselection of appropriate ligands. In another aspect, the presentdisclosure can exclude any one or more of the compounds, structures, orportions thereof, specifically recited herein.

The compounds disclosed herein are suited for use in a wide variety ofoptical and electro-optical devices, including, but not limited to,photo-absorbing devices such as solar- and photo-sensitive devices,organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), photo-emitting devices, ordevices capable of both photo-absorption and emission and as markers forbio-applications.

As briefly described above, the disclosed compounds are platinumcomplexes. In one aspect, the compounds disclosed herein can be used ashost materials for OLED applications, such as full color displays.

The compounds disclosed herein are useful in a variety of applications.As light emitting materials, the compounds can be useful in organiclight emitting diodes (OLEDs), luminescent devices and displays, andother light emitting devices.

In another aspect, the compounds can provide improved efficiency,improved operational lifetimes, or both in lighting devices, such as,for example, organic light emitting devices, as compared to conventionalmaterials.

The compounds of the disclosure can be made using a variety of methods,including, but not limited to those recited in the examples providedherein.

Disclosed herein are compounds of Formulas I and II:

wherein L¹ is a five-membered heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, carbene, orN-heterocyclic carbene,

wherein each of L², L³, and L⁴ is independently a substituted or anunsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl,carbene, or N-heterocyclic carbene,

wherein each of A¹ and A² is independently present or absent, and ifpresent is independently O, S, S═O, SO₂, Se, NR³, PR³, RP═O, CR¹R², C═O,SiR¹R², GeR¹R², or BR³,

wherein each of V¹, V², V³, and V⁴ is coordinated with the Pt and isindependently N, C, P, B, or Si,

wherein each of Y¹, Y², Y³, and Y⁴ is independently C, N, O, or S,

wherein R^(a) is present or absent and if present represents mono-, di-,or tri-substitutions, wherein each R^(a) is independently a substitutedor unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl,heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl,thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diarylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R^(a) are optionally linked together,

wherein R^(b) is present or absent and if present represents mono-, di-,or tri-substitutions, wherein each R^(b) is independently a substitutedor unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl,heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl,thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diarylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R^(b) are optionally linked together,

wherein R^(c) is present or absent and if present represents mono-, di-,or tri-substitutions, wherein each R^(c) is independently substituted orunsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl,alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy,aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, alkoxycarbonyl,acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino,sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido, phosphoramide,amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl, orpolymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R^(c) are optionally linked together,

wherein R^(d) is present or absent and if present represents mono-, di-,or tri-substitutions, wherein each R^(d) independently is substituted orunsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl,alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy,aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, alkoxycarbonyl,acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino,sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido, phosphoramide,amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl, orpolymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R^(d) are optionally linked together, and

wherein each of R¹, R², and R³ is independently hydrogen, aryl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, amono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy,haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof

In one aspect, Formula I includes Formula IA:

wherein A is A¹ in Formula I.

In one aspect, Formula II has the structure of Formula IIA or FormulaIIB:

wherein A is A¹ in Formula II,

wherein each of

independently includes:

wherein

includes:

wherein each of R, R¹, R², and R³ is independently hydrogen, aryl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, amono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy,haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R, R¹, R², and R³ are optionally linked together.

In one aspect, Formula I includes Formulas I1-I15:

In one aspect, Formula II includes Formulas II1-II15:

In Formulas I1-I15 and II1-II15,

X and Y is each independently N, P, P═O, CR¹, CH, SiR¹, SiH, GeR¹, GeH,Z, Z¹, or Z², wherein each of Z, Z¹, and Z² is independently a linkinggroup,

each R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ is independently mono-, di-, tri, ortetra-substitutions, wherein each R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ is independentlysubstituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl,heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen,hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono-or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile,isonitrile, heteroaryl, alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino,aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio,sulfinyl, ureido, phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino,substituted silyl, or polymerizable group, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R¹, two or more of R², twoor more of R³, two or more of R⁴, or any combination thereof areoptionally linked together.

In one aspect, Formula I disclosed herein includes symmetrical FormulaI16 and asymmetrical Formulas I17-I28:

In one aspect, Formula II disclosed herein includes symmetrical FormulaII16 and asymmetrical Formulas II17-II28:

In Formulas I16-I28 and Formulas II16-II28:

each of Y⁵, Y⁶, Y⁷, and Y⁸ is independently C, N, O, or S,

each of X and Y is independently N, P, P═O, CR¹, CH, SiR¹, SiH, GeR¹, orGeH,

each of Z, Z¹, and Z² is independently a linking group,

each of

is independently:

is

each R, R¹, R², and R³ is independently a mono-, di-, tri, ortetra-substitution, wherein each R, R¹, R², and R³ independently aresubstituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl,heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen,hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono-or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile,isonitrile, heteroaryl, alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino,aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio,sulfinyl, ureido, phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino,substituted silyl, or polymerizable group, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R, two or more of R¹, two ormore of R², two or more of R³, or any combination thereof, areoptionally linked together.

In one aspect, for any of the formulas illustrated in this disclosure,

(also denoted as Z, Z¹, and Z² herein) may independently include one ormore of the following structures:

wherein n is from 0 to 3.

In one aspect, n is 0. In another aspect, n is 1. In yet another aspect,n is 2. In yet another aspect, n is 3.

In one aspect, L⁵ is a mono-, bi-, or tri-cyclic structure ofsubstituted or unsubstituted aryl cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl,heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl. In one aspect, L⁵ is a mono-, bi-, ortri-cyclic structure of substituted aryl cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl,heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl. In another aspect, L⁵ is a mono-, bi-, ortri-cyclic structure of unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl,heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl.

In one aspect, any of the formulas disclosed herein includingfive-membered heterocylyl

(i.e., a portion of the disclosed compound) can include one or more ofthe following structures:

It is understood that one or more of R^(a) and R^(d) as described hereincan be bonded to

In one aspect, R can, where appropriate, represent mono-, di-, tri, ortetra-substitution, wherein each R is substituted or unsubstituted aryl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, amono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy,haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R, where appropriate, are optionally linked together. Forexample, R is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl,alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, a mono- ordi-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl,aralkyl, substituted silyl, or polymerizable group, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R, where appropriate, areoptionally linked together. In another example, R is substituted orunsubstituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R, where appropriate, areoptionally linked together. In another example, R is substituted orunsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, orheteroaryl. In another aspect, R is hydrogen.

In one aspect, R¹ can, where appropriate, represent mono-, di-, tri, ortetra-substitution, wherein each R¹ is substituted or unsubstitutedaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl,alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano,amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy,aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R¹, where appropriate, are optionally linked together.For example, R¹ is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl,heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, a mono-or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl,aralkyl, substituted silyl, or polymerizable group, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R¹, where appropriate, areoptionally linked together. In another example, R¹ is substituted orunsubstituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R¹, where appropriate, areoptionally linked together. In another example, R¹ is substituted orunsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, orheteroaryl. In another aspect, R¹ is hydrogen.

In one aspect, R² can, where appropriate, represent mono-, di-, tri, ortetra-substitution, wherein R² is substituted or unsubstituted aryl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, amono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy,haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R², where appropriate, are optionally linked together.For example, R² is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl,heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, a mono-or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl,aralkyl, substituted silyl, or polymerizable group, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R², where appropriate, areoptionally linked together. In another example, R² is substituted orunsubstituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R², where appropriate, areoptionally linked together. In another aspect, R² is hydrogen.

In one aspect, R³ can, where appropriate, represent mono-, di-, tri, ortetra-substitution, wherein R³ is substituted or unsubstituted aryl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, amono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy,haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R³, where appropriate, are optionally linked together.For example, R³ is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl,heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, a mono-or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl,aralkyl, substituted silyl, or polymerizable group, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R³, where appropriate, areoptionally linked together. In another example, R³ is substituted orunsubstituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R³, where appropriate, areoptionally linked together. In another aspect, R³ is hydrogen.

In one aspect, R⁴ can, where appropriate, represent mono-, di-, tri, ortetra-substitution, wherein R⁴ is substituted or unsubstituted aryl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, amono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy,haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R⁴, where appropriate, are optionally linked together.For example, R⁴ is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl,heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, a mono-or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl,aralkyl, substituted silyl, or polymerizable group, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R⁴, where appropriate, areoptionally linked together. In another example, R⁴ is substituted orunsubstituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R⁴, where appropriate, areoptionally linked together. In another aspect, R⁴ is hydrogen.

In one aspect, R⁵ can, where appropriate, represent mono-, di-, tri, ortetra-substitution, wherein R⁵ is substituted or unsubstituted aryl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, amono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy,haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R⁵, where appropriate, are optionally linked together.For example, R⁵ is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl,heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, a mono-or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl,aralkyl, substituted silyl, or polymerizable group, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R⁵, where appropriate, areoptionally linked together. In another example, R⁵ is substituted orunsubstituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, wherein two or more of R⁵, where appropriate, areoptionally linked together. In another aspect, R⁵ is hydrogen.

In one aspect, at least two of R, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ are linkedtogether. In one aspect, at least two of R, R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ or atleast two of R, R¹, R², and R³ are linked together. In another aspect,two R are linked together. In yet another aspect, two W are linkedtogether. In yet another aspect, two R² are linked together. In yetanother aspect, two R³ are linked together. In yet another aspect, twoR⁴ are linked together. In yet another aspect, two R⁵ are linkedtogether. In yet another aspect, R and W are linked together. In yetanother aspect, W and R² are linked together. In yet another aspect, Rand R² are linked together. In yet another aspect, R and R³ are linkedtogether. In yet another aspect, W and R³ are linked together. In yetanother aspect, R² and R³ are linked together. All other permutations oflinkages between R, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, and R⁵ are also possible.

In one aspect, at least one R^(a) is present. In another aspect, R^(a)is absent.

In one aspect, R^(a) is a mono-substitution. In another aspect, W is adi-substitution. In yet another aspect, R^(a) is a tri-substitution.

In one aspect, R^(a) is connected to at least Y¹. In another aspect,R^(a) is connected to at least Y². In yet another aspect, R^(a) isconnected to at least Y³. In one aspect, R^(a) is connected to at leastY¹ and Y². In one aspect, R^(a) is connected to at least Y¹ and Y³. Inone aspect, R^(a) is connected to at least Y² and Y³. In one aspect,R^(a) is connected to Y¹, Y², and Y³.

In one aspect, R^(a) is a di-substitution and the R^(a)'s are linkedtogether. When the R^(a)'s are linked together the resulting structurecan be a cyclic structure which includes a portion of the five-memberedcyclic structure as described herein. For example, a cyclic structurecan be formed when the di-substitution is of and Y² and the R^(a)'s arelinked together. A cyclic structure can also be formed when thedi-substitution is of Y² and Y³ and the R^(a)'s are linked together. Acyclic structure can also be formed when the di-substitution is of Y³and Y⁴ and the R^(a)'s are linked together.

In one aspect, each R^(a) is independently a substituted orunsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl,alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy,aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof whereintwo or more of R^(a) are optionally linked together. In one aspect, atleast one R^(a) is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl,cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,halogen, hydroxyl, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diarylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, or any conjugate orcombination thereof wherein two or more of R^(a) are optionally linkedtogether.

In one aspect, at least one R^(b) is present. In another aspect, R^(b)is absent.

In one aspect, R^(b) is a mono-substitution. In another aspect, R^(b) isa di-substitution. In yet another aspect, R^(b) is a tri-substitution.

In one aspect, each R^(b) is independently a substituted orunsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl,alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy,aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof whereintwo or more of R^(b) are optionally linked together. In one aspect, atleast one R^(b) is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl,cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,halogen, hydroxyl, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diarylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, or any conjugate orcombination thereof wherein two or more of R^(b) are optionally linkedtogether.

In one aspect, at least one R^(c) is present. In another aspect, R^(c)is absent.

In one aspect, R^(c) is a mono-substitution. In another aspect, R^(c) isa di-substitution. In yet another aspect, R^(c) is a tri-substitution.

In one aspect, each R^(c) independently is substituted or unsubstitutedaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl,alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano,amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy,aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R^(c) are optionally linked together. In one aspect, atleast one R^(c) is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl,cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,halogen, hydroxyl, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diarylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, or any conjugate orcombination thereof wherein two or more of R^(c) are optionally linkedtogether.

In one aspect, at least one R^(d) is present. In another aspect, R^(d)is absent.

In one aspect, R^(d) is a mono-substitution. In another aspect, R^(d) isa di-substitution. In yet another aspect, R^(d) is a tri-substitution.

In one aspect, each R^(d) is independently a substituted orunsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl,alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy,aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl,or polymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof whereintwo or more of R^(c) are optionally linked together. In one aspect, atleast one R^(c) is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl,cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,halogen, hydroxyl, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diarylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, or any conjugate orcombination thereof wherein two or more of R^(c) are optionally linkedtogether.

In one aspect, R^(d) is connected to at least Y⁵. In another aspect,R^(d) is connected to at least Y⁶. In yet another aspect, R^(d) isconnected to at least Y⁷. In one aspect, R^(d) is connected to at leastY⁵ and Y⁶. In one aspect, R^(d) is connected to at least Y⁵ and Y⁷. Inone aspect, R^(d) is connected to at least Y⁶ and Y⁷. In one aspect,R^(d) is connected to Y⁵, Y⁶, and Y⁷.

In one aspect, R^(d) is a di-substitution and the R^(d)'s are linkedtogether. When the R^(d)'s are linked together the resulting structurecan be a cyclic structure which includes a portion of the five-memberedcyclic structure as described herein. For example, a cyclic structurecan be formed when the di-substitution is of Y⁵ and Y⁶ and the R^(d)'sare linked together. A cyclic structure can also be formed when thedi-substitution is of Y⁶ and V and the R^(d)'s are linked together.Cyclic structure can also be formed when the di-substitution is of Y⁷and Y⁸ and the R^(a)'s are linked together.

In one aspect, each of

independently has the structure:

wherein each of

is independently

wherein each of R, R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ is independently a mono-, di-, tri,or tetra-substitution, wherein each of R, R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ isindependently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrogen, aryl, cycloalkyl,cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- ordi-alkylamino, a mono- or diary′ amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl,aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl, alkoxycarbonyl,acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino,sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido, phosphoramide,amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl, orpolymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R, R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ are optionally linked together.

In one aspect, each of

independently has the structure:

wherein each of Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, Y⁵, Y⁶, Y⁷, and Y⁸ is independently C,N, O, or S,

wherein U is O, S, S═O, SO₂, Se, NR³, PR³, R³P═O, CR¹R², C═O, SiR¹R²,GeR¹R², BR³, NH, PH, HP═O, CH₂, CHR¹, SiH₂, GeH₂, SiHR¹, GeHR¹ or BH,

wherein each of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, and R⁵ is independently a mono-, di-,tri, or tetra-substitution, wherein each of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, and R⁵ isindependently substituted or unsubstituted hydrogen, aryl, cycloalkyl,cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- ordi-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl,aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl, alkoxycarbonyl,acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino,sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido, phosphoramide,amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl, orpolymerizable group, or any conjugate or combination thereof, whereintwo or more of R¹, two or more of R², two or more of R³, two or more ofR⁴, two or more of R⁵, or any combination thereof, are optionally linkedtogether, and wherein R⁴ and R⁵ are optionally linked to form ═O or acyclic structure.

In one aspect, R¹ and R² are linked to form the cyclic structure:

In another aspect, each R^(a) is independently one or more of thefollowing structures. In another aspect, each R^(a) can also compriseother structures or portions thereof not specifically recited herein,and the present invention is not intended to be limited to thosestructures or portions thereof specifically recited:

wherein Q¹ is S, N, or CR⁶R⁷, wherein R⁶ and R⁷ are independentlysubstituted or unsubstituted hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, thiol,amino, halogen, or alkoxy,

wherein R⁸ is O, S, P(O)R¹, PR¹, NR¹, CR¹R², SiR¹R², BH, P(O)H, PH, NH,CR¹H, CH₂, SiH₂, SiHR¹, BH, C(O), C2 alkyl, or C2 alkenyl, and

wherein R⁹ is substituted or unsubstituted hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl. Itis understood that each R^(a) can independently be substituted with R¹,R², R³, R⁴, and R⁵ as described elsewhere herein.

In another aspect, R^(a) can also include one or more of the followingstructures. In another aspect, R^(a) can also include other structuresor portions thereof not specifically recited herein, and the presentdisclosure is not intended to be limited to those structures or portionsthereof specifically recited.

In one aspect, R^(a) is

In one aspect, R^(d) can have the structure of R^(a) as describedherein. Thus, the structures described above relating to R^(a) can alsobe used for the description of R^(d).

In another aspect, R^(d) and R^(a) are identical.

In one aspect, A is A¹. In one aspect, A¹ is present. For example, whenA¹ is present, A¹ can be O, S, S═O, SO₂, Se, NR³, PR³, RP═O, CR¹R², C═O,SiR¹R², GeR¹R²BH, P(O)H, PH, NH, CR¹H, CH₂, SiH₂, SiHR¹, BH, or BR³. Forexample, A¹ can be O or S, such as O. In another aspect, A¹ is absent.

In one aspect, A² is present. For example, when A² is present, A² can beO, S, S═O, SO₂, Se, NR³, PR³, RP═O, CR¹R², C═O, SiR¹R², GeR¹R²BH, P(O)H,PH, NH, CR¹H, CH₂, SiH₂, SiHR¹, BH, or BR³. For example, A² can be O orS. In another aspect, A² is absent.

In one aspect, X is N, P, P═O, CR¹, CH, SiR¹, SiH, GeR¹, or GeH. Forexample, X can be N or P. In another example, X can be CR¹, CH, SiR¹,SiH, GeR¹ or GeH. In another aspect, X can be Z, Z¹, or Z².

In one aspect, Y is N, P, P═O, CR¹, CH, SiR¹, SiH, GeR¹, or GeH. Forexample, Y can be N or P. In another example, Y can be CR¹, CH, SiR¹,SiH, GeR¹, or GeH. In another aspect, Y can be Z, Z¹, or Z².

In one aspect, L² can be aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, carbene, or N-heterocyclic carbene. For example, L² can bearyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl. In anotherexample, L² can be aryl or heteroaryl. In yet another example, L² can bearyl. In one aspect, L² can have the structure

for example,

In another aspect, L² can have the structure

for example,

In another aspect, L² can have the structure

wherein Q² is O or S, for example,

In another aspect, L² can have the structure

wherein R⁹ is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl,cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, orthiol. In one aspect, V² can be N, C, P, B, or Si. For example, V² canbe N or C, such as C.

In one aspect, L³ can be aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, carbene, or N-heterocyclic carbene. For example, L³ can bearyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl. In anotherexample, L³ can be aryl or heteroaryl. In yet another example, L³ can bearyl. In one aspect, L³ can have the structure

for example,

In another aspect, L³ can have the structure

for example,

In another aspect, L³ can have the structure

for example,

In another aspect, L³ can have the structure

wherein Q³ is O or S, for example,

In another aspect, L³ can have the structure

wherein R⁹ is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl,cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, orthiol. In one aspect, V³ can be N, C, P, B, or Si. For example, V³ canbe N or C, such as C.

In one aspect, L⁴ can be aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, carbene, or N-heterocyclic carbene. For example, L⁴ can bearyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl. In anotherexample, L⁴ can be aryl or heteroaryl. In yet another example, L⁴ can beheteroaryl. In yet another example, L⁴ can be heterocyclyl. It isunderstood that, V⁴ can be a part of L⁴ and is intended to be includedthe description of L⁴ above. In one aspect, L⁴ can have the structure

for example,

In yet another aspect, L⁴ can have the structure

for example,

In yet another aspect, L⁴ can have the structure

for example,

for example

In yet another aspect, L⁴ can have the structure

In yet another aspect, L⁴ can have the structure

In yet another aspect, L⁴ can have the structure

wherein Q⁴ is O, S, S═O, SO₂, Se, NR³, PR³, RP═O, CR¹R², C═O, SiR¹R²,GeR¹R², BH, P(O)H, PH, NH, CR¹H, CH₂, SiH₂, SiHR¹, BH, or BR³. In oneaspect, V⁴ can be N, C, P, B, or Si. For example, V⁴ can be N or C, suchas N.

In one aspect, for any of the platinum complexes illustrated in thisdisclosure, Formula I can include one or more of the followingstructures depicted collectively below as Structures 1-32. In anotheraspect, structures of Formula I can also include other structures orportions thereof not specifically recited herein, and the presentdisclosure is not intended to be limited to those structures or portionsthereof specifically recited.

In one aspect, for any of the platinum complexes illustrated in thisdisclosure, Formula II can include one or more of the followingstructures depicted collectively below as Structures 1-60. In anotheraspect, structures of Formula II can also include other structures orportions thereof not specifically recited herein, and the presentdisclosure is not intended to be limited to those structures or portionsthereof specifically recited.

2. Compositions

Also disclosed herein are compositions comprising one or more of thecompounds disclosed herein.

The compositions disclosed herein can further comprise host materials,hole blocking materials, electronic transfer materials, hole transfermaterials, hole injection materials, or electronic injection materials.

The compositions disclosed herein are suited for use in a wide varietyof optical and electro-optical devices, including, for example,photo-absorbing devices such as solar- and photo-sensitive devices,organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), photo-emitting devices, ordevices capable of both photo-absorption and emission and as markers forbio-applications.

3. Devices

Also disclosed herein are devices comprising one or more compound and/orcompositions disclosed herein.

In one aspect, the device is an electro-optical device. Electro-opticaldevices include, but are not limited to, photo-absorbing devices such assolar- and photo-sensitive devices, organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs), photo-emitting devices, or devices capable of bothphoto-absorption and emission and as markers for bio-applications. Forexample, the device can be an OLED.

OLEDs make use of thin organic films that emit light when voltage isapplied across the device. OLEDs are becoming an increasinglyinteresting technology for use in applications such as flat paneldisplays, illumination, and backlighting. Several OLED materials andconfigurations are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,844,363, 6,303,238, and5,707,745, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Generally, an OLED comprises at least one organic layer disposed betweenand electrically connected to an anode and a cathode. When a current isapplied, the anode injects holes and the cathode injects electrons intothe organic layer(s). The injected holes and electrons each migratetoward the oppositely charged electrode. When an electron and holelocalize on the same molecule, an “exciton,” which is a localizedelectron-hole pair having an excited energy state, is formed. Light isemitted when the exciton relaxes via a photoemissive mechanism. In somecases, the exciton may be localized on an excimer or an exciplex.Non-radiative mechanisms, such as thermal relaxation, may also occur,but are generally considered undesirable.

The initial OLEDs used emissive molecules that emitted light from theirsinglet states (“fluorescence”) as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat.No. 4,769,292, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.Fluorescent emission generally occurs in a time frame of less than 10nanoseconds.

More recently, OLEDs having emissive materials that emit light fromtriplet states (“phosphorescence”) have been demonstrated. Baldo et al.,“Highly Efficient Phosphorescent Emission from OrganicElectroluminescent Devices,” Nature, vol. 395, 151-154, 1998;(“Baldo-I”) and Baldo et al., “Very high-efficiency green organiclight-emitting devices based on electrophosphorescence,” Appl. Phys.Lett., vol. 75, No. 3, 4-6 (1999) (“Baldo-II”), which are incorporatedby reference in their entireties. Phosphorescence is described in moredetail in U.S. Pat. No. 7,279,704 at cols. 5-6, which are incorporatedby reference.

One application for phosphorescent emissive molecules is a full colordisplay. Industry standards for such a display call for pixels adaptedto emit particular colors, referred to as “saturated” colors. Inparticular, these standards call for saturated red, green, and bluepixels. Color may be measured using CIE coordinates, which are wellknown to the art. Such devices are disclosed herein which comprise oneor more of the compounds or compositions disclosed herein.

OLEDs can be produced by methods known to those skilled in the art. Ingeneral, the OLED is produced by successive vapor deposition of theindividual layers onto a suitable substrate. Suitable substratesinclude, for example, glass, inorganic materials such as ITO or IZO orpolymer films. For the vapor deposition, customary techniques may beused, such as thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD),physical vapor deposition (PVD) and others.

In an alternative process, the organic layers may be coated fromsolutions or dispersions in suitable solvents, in which case coatingtechniques known to those skilled in the art are employed. Suitablecoating techniques are, for example, spin-coating, the casting method,the Langmuir-Blodgett (“LB”) method, the inkjet printing method,dip-coating, letterpress printing, screen printing, doctor bladeprinting, slit-coating, roller printing, reverse roller printing, offsetlithography printing, flexographic printing, web printing, spraycoating, coating by a brush or pad printing, and the like. Among theprocesses mentioned, in addition to the aforementioned vapor deposition,preference is given to spin-coating, the inkjet printing method and thecasting method since they are particularly simple and inexpensive toperform. In the case that layers of the OLED are obtained by thespin-coating method, the casting method or the inkjet printing method,the coating can be obtained using a solution prepared by dissolving thecomposition in a concentration of 0.0001 to 90% by weight in a suitableorganic solvent such as benzene, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran,methyltetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, acetonitrile,anisole, dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, water and mixtures thereof

Compounds described herein can be used in a light emitting device suchas an OLED. FIG. 1 depicts a cross-sectional view of an OLED 100. OLED100 includes substrate 102, anode 104, hole-transporting material(s)(HTL) 106, light processing material 108, electron-transportingmaterial(s) (ETL) 110, and a metal cathode layer 112. Anode 104 istypically a transparent material, such as indium tin oxide. Lightprocessing material 108 may be an emissive material (EML) including anemitter and a host.

In various aspects, any of the one or more layers depicted in FIG. 1 mayinclude indium tin oxide (ITO), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT), polystyrene sulfonate (PSS),N,N-di-1-naphthyl-N,N-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′diamine (NPD),1,1-bis((di-4-tolylamino)phenyl)cyclohexane (TAPC),2,6-Bis(N-carbazolyl)pyridine (mCpy),2,8-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)dibenzothiophene (PO15), LiF, Al, or acombination thereof

Light processing material 108 may include one or more compounds of thepresent disclosure optionally together with a host material. The hostmaterial can be any suitable host material known in the art. Theemission color of an OLED is determined by the emission energy (opticalenergy gap) of the light processing material 108, which can be tuned bytuning the electronic structure of the emitting compounds, the hostmaterial, or both. Both the hole-transporting material in the HTL layer106 and the electron-transporting material(s) in the ETL layer 110 mayinclude any suitable hole-transporter known in the art.

Compounds described herein may exhibit phosphorescence. PhosphorescentOLEDs (i.e., OLEDs with phosphorescent emitters) typically have higherdevice efficiencies than other OLEDs, such as fluorescent OLEDs. Lightemitting devices based on electrophosphorescent emitters are describedin more detail in WO2000/070655 to Baldo et al., which is incorporatedherein by this reference for its teaching of OLEDs, and in particularphosphorescent OLEDs.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are put forth so as to provide those of ordinaryskill in the art with a complete disclosure and description of how thecompounds, compositions, articles, devices and/or methods describedherein are made and evaluated, and are intended to be purely exemplaryof the disclosure and are not intended to be limiting in scope. Effortshave been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers (e.g.,amounts, temperature, etc.), but some errors and deviations should beaccounted for. Unless indicated otherwise, parts are parts by weight,temperature is in ° C. or is at ambient temperature, and pressure is ator near atmospheric.

Various methods for the preparation method of the disclosed compoundsdescribed herein are recited in the examples. These methods are providedto illustrate various methods of preparation, but the present disclosureis not intended to be limited to any of the methods recited herein.Accordingly, one of skill in the art in possession of this disclosurecould readily modify a recited method or utilize a different method toprepare one or more of the disclosed compounds. The following aspectsare only exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of thedisclosure. Temperatures, catalysts, concentrations, reactantcompositions, and other process conditions can vary, and one of skill inthe art, in possession of this disclosure, could readily selectappropriate reactants and conditions for a desired complex.

1. Example 1

Platinum complex PtON12 was prepared according to the following scheme:

Synthesis of 1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-indazole 1

To a dry pressure tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added1H-indazole (3.54 g, 30 mmol, 1.0 eq), 1-iodo-3-methoxybenzene (8.07 g,36 mmol, 1.2 eq), CuI (0.29 g, 1.5 mmol, 0.05 eq), K₂CO₃ (13.37 g, 63mmol, 2.1 eq) and trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (0.65 g, 6 mmol, 0.2 eq).Then the tube was taken into a glove box and solvent toluene (40 mL) wasadded. The mixture was bubbled with nitrogen for 5 minutes and then thetube was sealed. The tube was taken out of the glove box and the mixturewas stirred in an oil bath at 105-115° C. for 3 days. The mixture wascooled down to ambient temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate, and thenfiltered and washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentratedand the residue was purified through column chromatography on silica gelusing hexane and ethyl acetate (20:1-10:1) as eluent to obtain thedesired product as a colorless liquid 6.62 g in 98% yield. ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): δ 3.85 (s, 3H), 6.98 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H),7.25-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.35 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H),7.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (s, 1H). ¹³C NMR(DMSO-d₆, 100 MHz): δ 55.40, 107.75, 110.59, 112.42, 114.12, 121.49,121.70, 125.10, 127.55, 130.48, 135.69, 138.13, 140.83, 160.13.

Synthesis of 3-(1H-indazol-1-yl)phenol 2

A solution of 1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-indazole 1 (6.50 g, 28.98 mmol) inhydrogen bromide acid (45 mL, 48%) was refluxed (110-120° C.) for 23hours at an atmosphere of nitrogen. Then the mixture was cooled down toambient temperature and neutralized with a solution of K₂CO₃ in wateruntil there was no gas to generate. Then the precipitate was filteredoff and washed with water several times. The collected solid was driedin air to afford the product as a brown solid 5.70 g in 94% yield. ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): δ 6.63 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00-7.03 (m,2H), 7.08 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 7.65 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 9.67(bs, 1H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆, 100 MHz): δ 109.08, 110.54, 112.45, 113.63,121.48, 121.61, 125.05, 127.42, 130.41, 135.48, 138.02, 140.72, 158.35.

Synthesis of2-(3-(1H-indazol-1-yl)phenoxy)-9-(pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole Ligand ON12

To a dry Shlenck tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added3-(1H-indazol-1-yl)phenol 2 (630 mg, 3.0 mmol, 1.0 eq),2-bromo-9-(pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole (1163 m g, 3.6 mmol, 1.2 eq), CuI(57 mg, 0.3 mmol, 0.1 eq), picolinic acid (74 mg, 0.6 mmol, 0.2 eq) andK₃PO₄ (1273 mg, 6.0 mmol, 2.0 eq). The tube was evacuated and backfilledwith nitrogen. The evacuation and backfill procedure was repeated foranother twice. Then solvent DMSO (9 mL) was added under the protectionof nitrogen. The mixture was stirred in an oil bath at a temperature of90-100° C. for 3 days and then cooled down to ambient temperature. Waterwas added to dissolve the solid. The mixture was extracted with ethylacetate three times. The combined organic layer was washed with waterthree time, dried over sodium sulfate, and then filtered. The solventwas removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified throughcolumn chromatography on silica gel using hexane/ethyl acetate(10:1-5:1-3:1) as eluent to obtain the desired product Ligand ON12 as acolorless solid 1200 mg in 88% yield. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): δ7.05-7.08 (m, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.32-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.52-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=2.0Hz, 1H), 7.77-7.83 (m, 3H), 7.86 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (td, J=7.6, 2.0Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H),8.66 (dd, J=5.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆, 100 MHz): δ 102.73,110.40, 111.12, 113.54, 115.66, 116.09, 119.05, 120.28, 120.22, 121.26,121.56, 121.82, 122.12, 123.24, 125.16, 126.02, 127.64, 131.09, 136.02,138.01, 139.35, 139.53, 139.94, 140.98, 149.52, 150.45, 154.58, 158.62.

Synthesis of Platinum Complex PtON12

To a dry pressure tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was addedLigand ON12 (1080 mg, 2.39 mmol, 1.0 eq), K₂PtCl₄ (1040 mg, 2.51 mmol,1.05 eq), ^(n)Bu₄NBr (77 mg, 0.24 mmol, 0.1 eq) and solvent acetic acid(143 mL). The mixture was bubbled with nitrogen for 30 minutes and thenthe tube was sealed. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16hours and then in an oil bath at a temperature of 105-115° C. foranother 3 days, and then cooled down to ambient temperature. Water (285mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5minutes. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with water threetimes. Then the solid was dried in air under reduced pressure. Thecollected solid was purified through flash column chromatography onsilica gel using dichloromethane as eluent to obtain the desired productPtON12 as a brown yellow solid 1177 mg in 76% yield. The platinumcomplex 1170 mg was sublimated (275° C., 3.2×10⁻⁶ torr) to give 600 mgof the compound as a yellow crystal. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): δ 7.03(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.42(d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.51 (m, 3H), 7.77 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (td, J=8.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H),8.33 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.49 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.92 (s, 1H), 9.41 (d,J=4.8 Hz, 1H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆, 100 MHz): δ 100.20, 106.12, 110.95,111.18, 112.36, 112.41, 115.02, 115.70, 115.86, 116.14, 119.99, 120.52,122.98, 123.04, 124.37, 124.55, 125.22, 127.92, 130.77, 136.07, 137.44,137.97, 139.92, 141.84, 147.21, 147.65, 152.22, 152.25, 152.32.

FIG. 2 illustrates emission spectra of PtON12 in CH₂Cl₂ at roomtemperature and in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 77K.

2. Example 2

Platinum complex PtON12-tBu was prepared according to the followingscheme:

Synthesis of2-(3-(1H-indazol-1-yl)phenoxy)-9-(4-tert-butylpyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazoleLigand ON12-tBu:

To a dry Shlenck tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added3-(1H-indazol-1-yl)phenol 2 (630 mg, 3.0 mmol, 1.0 eq),9-(4-tert-butylpyridin-2-yl)-2-bromo-9H-carbazole (1365 m g, 3.6 mmol,1.2 eq), CuI (57 mg, 0.3 mmol, 0.1 eq), picolinic acid (74 mg, 0.6 mmol,0.2 eq) and K₃PO₄ (1273 mg, 6.0 mmol, 2.0 eq). The tube was evacuatedand backfilled with nitrogen. The evacuation and backfill procedure wasrepeated another two times. Then solvent DMSO (9 mL) was added under theprotection of nitrogen. The mixture was stirred in an oil bath at atemperature of 90-100° C. for 3 days and then cooled down to ambienttemperature. Water was added to dissolve the solid. The mixture wasextracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic layer waswashed with water three time, dried over sodium sulfate, and thenfiltered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and theresidue was purified through column chromatography on silica gel usinghexane/ethyl acetate (10:1-5:1) as eluent to obtain the desired productLigand ON12-tBu as a colorless solid 1378 mg in 90% yield. ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): δ 1.17 (s, 9H), 7.05-7.08 (m, 1H), 7.13 (dd, J=8.4,2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dd,J=5.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.42 (m, 4H), 7.53-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.57 (s, 1H),7.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),8.18 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.50 (d,J=4.8 Hz, 1H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆, 100 MHz): δ 29.93, 34.74, 101.50,110.41, 111.15, 111.77, 113.13, 115.70, 116.34, 116.37, 119.21, 119.82,120.12, 121.11, 121.53, 121.78, 121.84, 123.20, 125.19, 125.90, 127.58,131.12, 136.01, 137.97, 139.42, 139.91, 141.08, 149.34, 150.61, 155.25,158.09, 162.96.

Synthesis of Platinum Complex PtON12

To a dry pressure tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was addedLigand ON12-tBu (1300 mg, 2.56 mmol, 1.0 eq), K₂PtCl₄ (1114 mg, 2.68mmol, 1.05 eq), ^(n)Bu₄NBr (83 mg, 0.26 mmol, 0.1 eq) and solvent aceticacid (153 mL). The mixture was bubbled with nitrogen for 30 minutes andthen the tube was sealed. The mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 17 hours, then in an oil bath at a temperature of 105-115° C. foranother 3 days, and then cooled down to ambient temperature. Water (306mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5minutes. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with water threetimes. Then the solid was dried in air under reduced pressure. Thecollected solid was purified through flash column chromatography onsilica gel using dichloromethane as eluent to obtain the desired productPtON12-tBu as a yellow solid 1564 mg in 87% yield. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400MHz): δ 1.41 (s, 9H), 7.01 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),7.34 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),7.51-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.77 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.91(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.19(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.49 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.94 (s, 1H),9.29 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H).

FIG. 3 illustrates emission spectra of PtON12-tBu in CH₂Cl₂ at roomtemperature and in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 77K.

3. Example 3

Platinum complex PtON12-tBu can be prepared according to the followingscheme:

Synthesis of 4-bromo-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole 3

4-Bromo-1H-pyrazole (3674 mg, 25 mmol, 1.0 eq), CuI (95 mg, 0.5 mmol,0.02 eq) and K₂CO₃ (7256 mg, 52.5 mmol, 2.1 eq) were added to a drypressure tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar. Thentrans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (570 mg, 5 mmol, 0.2 eq),1-iodo-3-methoxybenzene (3.57 mL, 30 mmol, 1.2 eq) and solvent dioxane(50 mL) were added in a nitrogen filled glove box. The mixture wasbubbled with nitrogen for 5 minutes. The tube was sealed before beingtaken out of the glove box. The mixture was stirred in an oil bath at atemperature of 100° C. for two days. Then the mixture was cooled down toambient temperature, filtered, and washed with ethyl acetate. Thefiltrate was concentrated and the residue was purified through columnchromatography on silica gel using hexane and ethyl acetate (20:1-15:1)as eluent to obtain the desired product4-bromo-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole 3 as a colorless sticky liquid4.09 g in 65% yield. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): δ 3.82 (s, 3H),6.89-6.92 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 8.81 (s, 1H). ¹³CNMR (DMSO-d₆, 100 MHz): δ 55.45, 94.92, 104.01, 110.35, 112.54, 128.30,130.51, 140.26, 141.16, 160.15.

Synthesis of 3-(1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridine 4

To a three-necked flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar and acondenser was added3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (1230 mg, 6.0mmol, 1.2 eq), Pd₂(dba)₃ (183 mg, 0.2 mmol, 0.04 eq) andtricyclohexylphosphine PCy₃ (135 mg, 0.48 mmol, 0.096 eq). Then theflask was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen. The evacuation andback fill procedure was repeated another two times. Then a solution of4-bromo-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole 3 (1266 mg, 5.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) indioxane (25 mL) and a solution of K₃PO₄ (1804 mg, 8.5 mmol, 1.7 eq) inH₂O (10 mL) were added by syringe independently under nitrogen. Themixture was stirred in an oil bath at a temperature of 95-105° C. for 24hours, cooled down to ambient temperature, filtered and washed withethyl acetate. The organic layer of the filtrate was separated, driedover sodium silphate, filtered, concentrated and the residue waspurified through column chromatography on silica gel using hexane/ethylacetate (10:1-5:1) first, then dichloromethane/methanol (10:1) as eluentto obtain the desired product3-(1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridine 4 as a brown solid 1.21g in 96% yield. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): δ 3.85 (s, 3H), 6.90-6.93 (m,1H), 7.41-7.48 (m, 4H), 8.10 (dt, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.45(dd, J=4.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.98 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 9.13 (s, 1H).

Synthesis of 3-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol 5

A solution of 3-(1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridine 4 (1.20 g,4.77 mmol) in hydrogen bromide acid (15 mL, 48%) refluxed (110-120° C.)for 24 hours under an atmosphere of nitrogen. Then the mixture wascooled down to ambient temperature and neutralized with a solution ofK₂CO₃ in water until there was no gas to generate. Then the precipitatewas filtered off and washed with water several times. The collectedsolid was dried in air to afford the product as a brown solid 1.24 g in99% yield. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): δ 6.59 (dt, J=7.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H),7.11-7.17 (m, 3H), 7.38 (dd, J=7.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (dt, J=8.0, 2.0Hz, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 8.33-8.34 (m, 1H), 8.85 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.90(s, 1H), 9.78 (bs, 1H).

Synthesis of9-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)-9H-carbazoleLigand ON13

To a dry Shlenck tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added3-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol 5 (475 mg, 2.0 mmol, 1.0 eq),2-bromo-9-(pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole (776 m g, 2.4 mmol, 1.2 eq), CuI(38 mg, 0.2 mmol, 0.1 eq), picolinic acid (49 mg, 0.4 mmol, 0.2 eq) andK₃PO₄ (819 mg, 4.0 mmol, 2.0 eq). The tube was evacuated and backfilledwith nitrogen. The evacuation and backfill procedure was repeatedanother two times. Then solvent DMSO (10 mL) was added under nitrogen.The mixture was stirred in an oil bath at a temperature of 90-100° C.for 3 days and then cooled down to ambient temperature. Water was addedto dissolve solid. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate threetimes. The combined organic layer was washed with water three times,dried over sodium sulfate, and then filtered. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure, and the residue was purified through columnchromatography on silica gel using dichloromethane/methanol (50:1) aseluent to obtain the desired product Ligand ON13 as a brown-red solid656 mg in 68% yield. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): δ 6.92 (dd, J=8.0, 2.4Hz, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.40(m, 3H), 7.45 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (t, J=2.0Hz, 1H), 7.60 (dd, J=7.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H),7.98-8.03 (m, 2H), 8.16 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.22(s, 1H), 8.38 (dd, J=4.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.62 (dd, J=4.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H),8.91 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 9.08 (s, 1H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆, 100 MHz): δ102.54, 107.98, 111.12, 112.68, 113.27, 115.75, 119.02, 120.11, 120.19,121.01, 121.27, 121.79, 122.11, 123.28, 123.87, 125.32, 125.99, 127.66,131.06, 132.41, 138.90, 139.36, 139.49, 139.97, 140.78, 146.54, 147.62,149.52, 150.48, 154.81, 158.56.

Synthesis of9-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)-9H-carbazoleplatinum complex PtON13

To a dry pressure tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was addedLigand ON13 (600 mg, 1.25 mmol, 1.0 eq), K₂PtCl₄ (551 mg, 1.31 mmol,1.05 eq), ^(n)Bu₄NBr (40 mg, 0.125 mmol, 0.1 eq) and solvent acetic acid(75 mL). The mixture was bubbled with nitrogen for 30 minutes in anitrogen filled glove box. The tube was sealed before being taken out ofthe glove box. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 17 hoursand then in an oil bath at a temperature of 105-115° C. for another 3days, cooled down to ambient temperature and water (150 mL) was added.After stirring at room temperature for 5 minutes, the precipitate wasfiltered off and washed with water three times. Then the solid was driedin air under reduced pressure. The collected solid was purified throughflash column chromatography on silica gel using dichloromethane/Et3N(100:1-50:1) as eluent to obtain the a yellow solid 233 mg, which wasfurther purified by thermal sublimation to afford the desired productPtON13 as a yellow solid 50 mg in 6% total yield. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400MHz): δ 7.01 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (t, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 7.41 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.54 (m, 4H), 7.89 (d, J=8.4, 1H),8.09 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.23-8.30 (m, 3H), 8.55(d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H), 9.15 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 9.35 (d, J=5.2Hz, 1H). 9.51 (s, 1H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆, 100 MHz): δ 98.72, 106.08,111.03, 112.54, 113.43, 114.95, 115.59, 115.79, 116.16, 119.99, 120.54,120.62, 122.97, 123.96, 124.56, 124.86, 125.89, 126.90, 127.85, 132.85,137.32, 137.98, 139.83, 141.80, 145.86, 146.88, 147.49, 148.24, 152.27,152.46, 152.58.

FIG. 4 illustrates emission spectra of PtON13 at room temperature inCH₂Cl₂ and at 77K in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

A number of embodiments have been described. Nevertheless, it will beunderstood that various modifications may be made without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other embodimentsare within the scope of the following claims.

1-22. (canceled)
 23. A compound of Formula II2:

wherein: L¹ is a five-membered heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, carbene, orN-heterocyclic carbene, L² is phenyl, A¹ is O, S, S═O, SO₂, Se, NR³,PR³, RP═O, CR¹R², C═O, SiR¹R², GeR¹R², BH, P(O)H, PH, NH, CR¹H, CH₂,SiH₂, SiHR¹, BH, or BR³, V¹ is C, V² is C, V³ is C, and V⁴ is N, each ofY¹, Y², Y³, and Y⁴ is independently C, N, O, or S, X is N, each ofR^(b), R¹, R², and R³ of Formula II2 is independently present or absentand if present, each of R^(b), R¹, R², and R³ present represents mono-,di-, or tri-substitutions, and each R^(b), R¹, R², and R³ present isindependently substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl,cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- ordi-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl,aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino,alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl,carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido, phosphoramide, mercapto, sulfo,carboxyl, hydrazino, or substituted silyl, and wherein two or more ofR^(b) are optionally linked together, each of R, R¹, R², and R³ ofvariable A¹ is independently hydrogen, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl,heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen,hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono-or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile,isonitrile, alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino,aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio,sulfinyl, ureido, phosphoramide, mercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino,or substituted silyl, and wherein two or more of R, R¹, R², and R³ areoptionally linked together, each of

independently:

each

is independently:

each of R, R¹, and R² of

is independently hydrogen, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl,heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl,thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diarylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, mercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, or substitutedsilyl, and wherein two or more of R, R¹, R², and R³ are optionallylinked together.
 24. The compound of claim 23, wherein

is one of the following:

each of

is independently:

wherein each of R, R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ is independently a mono-, di-,tri, or tetra-substitution, wherein each of R, R¹, R², R³, and R⁴independently are substituted or unsubstituted hydrogen, aryl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, amono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy,haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, heteroaryl,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, or substitutedsilyl, and wherein two or more of R, R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ are optionallylinked together.
 25. A compound of Formula II3 or Formula II8:

wherein: L¹ is a five-membered heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, carbene, orN-heterocyclic carbene; L² is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, carbene, orN-heterocyclic carbene; A is present or absent and if present is O, S,S═O, SO₂, Se, NR³, PR³, RP═O, CR¹R², C═O, SiR¹R², GeR¹R², BH, P(O)H, PH,NH, CR¹H, CH₂, SiH₂, SiHR¹, BH, or BR³; each of V¹, V², V³, and V⁴ isindependently N, C, P, B, or Si; each of Y¹, Y², Y³, and Y⁴ isindependently C, N, O, or S, R^(b) is present or absent and if presentrepresents mono-, di-, or tri-substitutions, wherein each R^(b) isindependently substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl,cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- ordi-alkylamino, a mono- or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl,aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino,alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl,carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido, phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo,carboxyl, hydrazino, substituted silyl, or polymerizable group, or anyconjugate or combination thereof, wherein two or more of R^(b) areoptionally linked together, each of R, R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ of Formula 3and Formula 8 is independently hydrogen, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl,heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen,hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono-or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile,isonitrile, alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino,aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio,sulfinyl, ureido, phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino,substituted silyl, or polymerizable group, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, and wherein two or more of R, R¹, R², R³, and R⁴are optionally linked together; each of

is independently:

and each

is independently:

each of X and Y is independently N, P, P═O, CR¹, CH, SiR¹, SiH, GeR¹,GeH, Z, Z¹, or Z², wherein each of Z, Z¹, and Z² is independently alinking group; and each of R, R¹, and R² of

is independently hydrogen, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl,heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl,thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono- or diarylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile, isonitrile,alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, sulfinyl, ureido,phosphoramide, mercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino, or substitutedsilyl, and wherein two or more of R, R¹, R², and R³ are optionallylinked together.
 26. The compound of claim 25, wherein each of thefive-membered heterocyclyl

is one of the following structures:


27. The compound of claim 25, wherein each of

is selected from one of the following:

each of

is independently:

each of R, R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ is independently a mono-, di-, tri, ortetra-substitution, wherein each of R, R², R³, and R⁴ independently aresubstituted or unsubstituted hydrogen, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl,heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, deuterium, halogen,hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, amino, a mono- or di-alkylamino, a mono-or diaryl amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, nitrile,isonitrile, heteroaryl, alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino,aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio,sulfinyl, ureido, phosphoramide, amercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino,substituted silyl, or polymerizable group, or any conjugate orcombination thereof, and wherein two or more of R, R¹, R², R³, and R⁴are optionally linked together.
 28. A compound selected from:


29. A composition comprising one or more compounds of claim
 23. 30. Anemitter comprising one or more compounds of claim 23, wherein theemitter is a phosphorescent emitter, a delayed fluorescent emitter, or acombination thereof.
 31. A device comprising one or more compounds ofclaim
 23. 32. The device of claim 31, wherein the device comprises anorganic light emitting diode.
 33. The device of claim 31, wherein thedevice comprises a full color display.
 34. The device of claim 31,wherein the device comprises a phosphorescent OLED device.
 35. Thedevice of claim 31, wherein the device comprises a fluorescent OLEDdevice.
 36. A photovoltaic device comprising one or more compounds ofclaim
 23. 37. A luminescent display device comprising one or morecompounds of claim
 23. 38. A light emitting device comprising one ormore compounds of claim
 23. 39. A composition comprising one or morecompounds of claim
 25. 40. An emitter comprising one or more compoundsof claim 25, wherein the emitter is a phosphorescent emitter, a delayedfluorescent emitter, or a combination thereof.
 41. A device comprisingone or more compounds of claim
 25. 42. The device of claim 41, whereinthe device comprises an organic light emitting diode.